This is a list of heads of regimes who were later imprisoned. There have been several personalities throughout history who went on to be Heads of State, or Heads of Government, like Presidents, Prime Ministers or monarchs of their respective nation states, who became prisoners later, including under house arrest.
Some of them are:
| Names indexed by surnames | Countries | Dates born | Official positions | Later imprisonment | Dates died |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aisin-Gioro Puyi | Manchukuo | 1906-02-07 | Emperor (1934–1945), Chief Executive (1932–1934) | 1945 to 1959 | 1967-10-17 |
| Alemán, Arnoldo | Nicaragua | 1946-01-23 | President (1997–2002) | 2002 to present | Living |
| Antonescu, Ion | Romania | 1882-06-15 | Prime Minister (1940–1944) | 1944 to 1946 | 1946-06-01 (executed by firing squad) |
| Ba Maw | Burma (now Myanmar) | 1893-02-08 | Prime Minister (1937–1939) | 1940 to 1942, 1945 to 1946, 1947 | 1977-05-29 |
| Banana, Canaan | Zimbabwe | 1936-03-05 | President (1980–1987) | 1997 to 2001 | 2003-11-10 |
| Bayar, Celal | Turkey | 1883-05-16 | President (1950–1960), Prime Minister (1937–1939) | 1960 to 1964 (death sentence commuted) | 1986-08-22 |
| Ben Bella, Ahmed | Algeria | 1916-12-25 | President (1963–1965) | 1965 to 1980 (house arrest) | Living |
| Bhutto, Benazir | Pakistan | 1953-06-21 | Prime Minister (1988–1990, 1993–1996) | 2007-12-27 (assassinated) | |
| Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali | Pakistan | 1928-01-05 | President (1971–1973), Prime Minister (1973–1977) | 1977 to 1979 | 1979-04-04 (executed by hanging) |
| Bignone, Reynaldo | Argentina | 1928-01-21 | President (1982–1983) | 2007 | Living |
| Bokassa, Jean-Bédel | Central African Republic | 1921-02-22 | Emperor (1976–1979), President (1966–1976) | 1986 to 1993 (death sentence commuted) | 1996-11-03 |
| Bozhilov, Dobri | Bulgaria | 1884-06-13 | Prime Minister (1943–1944) | 1944 to 1945 | 1945-02-01 (executed) |
| Ceauşescu, Nicolae | Romania | 1918-01-26 | President (1967–1989) | 1989 | 1989-12-25 (executed by firing squad) |
| Chaudhry, Mahendra | Fiji | 1942-02-09 | Prime Minister (1999–2000) | 2000 (taken hostage in a coup) | Living |
| Chen Gongbo | China, Republic of (Wang Jingwei Government) | 1892 | President (1944–1945) | 1945 to 1946 | 1946 (executed by firing squad) |
| Chen Shui-bian | Taiwan, Republic of China | 1950-10-12 | President (2000–2008) | 2008-11-12[1] to 2008-12-13,[2] 2008-12-30[3] to present | Living |
| Chun Doo-hwan | Korea, South | 1931-01-18 | President (1980–1988) | 1996 to 1997 (death sentence commuted) | Living |
| Deuba, Sher Bahadur | Nepal | 1946-06-13 | Prime Minister (1995–1997, 2001–2002, 2004–2005) | 2005 to 2006 | Living |
| Dönitz, Karl | Germany | 1891-09-16 | President (1945) | 1945 to 1956 | 1980-12-24 |
| Ershad, Hossain Mohammad | Bangladesh | 1930-01-01 | President (1982–1990) | 1990 to 1997 | Living |
| Estrada, Joseph | Philippines | 1937-04-19 | President (1998–2001) | 2001 to present | Living |
| Filov, Bogdan | Bulgaria | 1883-04-09 | Prime Minister (1940–1943) | 1944 to 1945 | 1945-02-02 (executed) |
| Fujimori, Alberto | Peru | 1938-07-28 | President (1990–2000) | 2005 to 2006 (bailed out in Chile), 2007 to present | Living |
| Galtieri, Leopoldo Fortunato | Argentina | 1926-07-15 | President (1981–1982) | 1983 to 1991 | 2003-01-12 |
| Gandhi, Indira | India | 1917-11-19 | Prime Minister (1966–1977, 1980–1984) | 1977 | 1984-10-31 |
| González Macchi, Luis Ángel | Paraguay | 1947-12-13 | President (1999–2003) | 2006 to present | Living |
| Haile Selassie | Ethiopia | 1892-07-23 | Emperor (1930–1974) | 1974 (house arrest) | 1975-08-27 |
| Honecker, Erich | German Democratic Republic | 1912-08-25 | Chairman of the Council of State (1976–1989) | 1992 to 1993 | 1994-05-29 |
| Hoveida, Amir-Abbas | Iran | 1919-02-18 | Prime Minister (1965–1977) | 1978 to 1979 | 1979-04-07 (executed by firing squad) |
| Kaunda, Kenneth | Zambia | 1924-04-28 | President (1964–1991) | 1997 to 1998 | Living |
| Keita, Modibo | Mali | 1915-06-04 | President (1960–1968) | 1968 to 1977 | 1977-05-16 |
| Koiso, Kuniaki | Japan | 1880-03-22 | Prime Minister (1944–1945) | 1945 to 1950 | 1950-11-03 |
| Laurel, José P. | Philippines | 1891-03-09 | President (1943–1945) | 1945 to 1948 | 1959-11-06 |
| Liang Hongzhi | China, Reformed Government of the Republic of | 1882 | Chairman (1938–1940) | 1945 to 1946 | 1946-11 (executed by firing squad) |
| Liu Shaoqi | China, People's Republic of | 1898-11-24 | President (1959–1968) | 1967 to 1968 (house arrest) | 1969-11-12 |
| Louis XVI of France | France | 1754-08-23 | King (1774–1792) | 1792 to 1793 | 1793-01-21 (executed by decapitation (guillotine)) |
| Lumumba, Patrice | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 1925-07-02 | Prime Minister (1960) | 1960 to 1961 | 1961-01-17 |
| Macías Nguema, Francisco | Equatorial Guinea | 1924-01-01 | President (1968–1979) | 1979 | 1979-09-29 (executed) |
| Marcos, Ferdinand | Philippines | 1917-09-11 | President (1965–1986), Prime Minister (1978–1981) | 1988 (indicted) | 1989-09-28 |
| Massemba-Débat, Alphonse | Congo, Republic of the | 1921 | President (1963–1968), Prime Minister (1963) | 1977 | 1977-03-25 (executed) |
| Menderes, Adnan | Turkey | 1899 | Prime Minister (1950–1960) | 1960 to 1961 | 1961-09-17 (executed by hanging) |
| Menem, Carlos | Argentina | 1930-07-02 | President (1989–1999) | 2001 | Living |
| Milošević, Slobodan | Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of | 1941-08-20 | President (1997–2000) | 2001 to 2006 | 2006-03-11 |
| Mussolini, Benito | Italy | 1883-07-29 | Prime Minister (1922–1943) | 1945 | 1945-04-28 (executed by firing squad) |
| Nagy, Imre | Hungary | 1896-06-07 | Prime Minister (1953–1955, 1956) | 1956 to 1958 | 1958-06-16 (executed by hanging) |
| Najibullah, Mohammad | Afghanistan | 1947 | President (1987–1992) | 1992 to 1996 (virtual detention) | 1996-09-27 (executed by hanging) |
| Nicholas II of Russia | Russian Empire | 1868-05-18[4] | Emperor (1894–1917) | 1917 to 1918 | 1918-07-17[5] (executed) |
| Noriega, Manuel | Panama | 1935-02-11 | Military leader (1983–1989) | 1990 to present | Living |
| Pétain, Philippe | France, Vichy | 1856-04-24 | Head of State (1940–1944) | 1945 to 1951 (death sentence commuted to life imprisonment) | 1951-07-23 |
| Päts, Konstantin | Estonia | 1874-02-23 | Prime Minister in the duties of the State Elder (1934–1937)[6] | 1940 to 1952 (prison), 1952 to 1956 (psychiatry hospital) [7] | 1956-01-18 |
| Pinochet, Augusto | Chile | 1915-11-25 | President (1974–1990) | 1998 to 2006 | 2006-12-10 |
| Quisling, Vidkun | Norway | 1887-07-18 | Minister President (1942–1945) | 1945 | 1945-10-24 (executed by firing squad) |
| Roh Tae-woo | Korea, South | 1932-12-04 | President (1988–1993) | 1995 to 1998 | Living |
| Hussein, Saddam | Iraq | 1937-04-28 | President (1979–2003) | 2003 to 2006 | 2006-12-30 (executed by hanging) |
| Sharif, Nawaz | Pakistan | 1949-12-25 | Prime Minister (1990–1993, 1997–1999) | 1999 to 2000 | Living |
| Suharto | Indonesia | 1921-06-08 | President (1967–1998) | 2000 (house arrest) | 2008-01-27 |
| Sukarno | Indonesia | 1901-06-06 | President (1945–1967) | 1967-1970 (house arrest) | 1970-06-21 |
| Tojo, Hideki | Japan | 1884-12-30 | Prime Minister (1941–1944) | 1945 to 1948 | 1948-12-23 (executed by hanging) |
| Traoré, Moussa | Mali | 1936-09-25 | President (1968–1991) | 1992 to 2002 (death sentence commuted) | Living |
| Videla, Jorge Rafael | Argentina | 1925-08-21 | President (1976–1981) | 1985 to 1990 (pardoned) | Living |
| Viola, Roberto Eduardo | Argentina | 1924-10-13 | President (1981) | 1983 to 1990 (pardoned) | 1994-09-30 |
| Yanayev, Gennady | USSR | 1937-08-26 | Acting President (1991) | 1991 to 1994 | Living |
| Zhao Ziyang | China, People's Republic of | 1919-10-17 | Premier (1983–1987) | 1989 to 2005 (house arrest) | 2005-01-17 |